VIDEO: Celiac disease increases risk for pregnancy, delivery complications in women
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CHICAGO — In a Healio video exclusive, Claire Jansson-Knodell, MD, shares data that show pregnant women with celiac disease are at greater risk for placental diseases, obstetric complications and having babies small for gestational age.
“We wanted to explore pregnancy outcomes using a large database study” Jansson-Knodell, from the department of gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition at Cleveland Clinic, said. “We looked at maternal, obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in moms with celiac disease.”
Using the National Inpatient Sample of pregnant women who delivered between 2015 and 2019, Jansson-Knodell and colleagues identified more than 12 million births, of which 10,555 were in women with celiac disease.
According to results presented at Digestive Disease Week, pregnant women with celiac disease had an increased risk for pregnancy and delivery complications (OR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09-0.26), as well as longer length of hospital stay, compared with women without celiac disease. However, maternal mortality was not significantly different between groups (0% vs. < 0.1%).
“The odds of having a full-term and uncomplicated delivery were much lower in women who were pregnant and had celiac disease,” Jansson-Knodell said.
“We also found that women with celiac disease were at risk for a number of pregnancy-related complications,” she noted. “These included hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, as well as placental diseases like abruption and placenta previa.”
In addition, women with celiac disease more frequently needed assistance with delivery, including use of vacuum or forceps, and were at greater risk for third- or fourth-degree tears. However, women with celiac disease did not have higher C-section rates.
Further, babies of women with celiac disease were more likely to be small for gestational age (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01-1.57) and experience fetal distress (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.42).
“These are all things that we should probably take into consideration for our patients with celiac disease, who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, to add to their care,” Jansson-Knodell said.
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Alchirazi K, et al. Abstract 1026: Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in celiac disease: A population-based study. Presented at: Digestive Disease Week; May 5-9, 2023; Chicago (hybrid meeting).
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