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Incidence of small bowel tumors increased over the last decade

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PHILADELPHIA — Small bowel tumor incidence rates have increased over the last decade among various ethnic groups, according to data presented at the ACG Annual Scientific Meeting. 

“[We observed] significant differences in histology and survival between 1992 to 2000 and 2001 to 2011,” Felix H. Lui, MD, division of gastroenterology, California Pacific Medical Center, said during his presentation. “Increase in incidence rate could be due to diagnostic and imaging procedures, medical exposures and risk factors.”

Researchers used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer database from 1992 to 2011 to determine incidence rates for small bowel tumors. SEER data from 1992 to 2000 were compared with data from 2001 to 2011 to calculate the differences, increases or decreases, in incidence rate as well as cite the rates for specific tumors among various ethnic groups.

Overall, incidence rate for small bowel tumors increased from 1.6 per 100,000/year during the 1992 to 2000 timeframe to 2.0 per 100,000/year during the 2001 to 2011 timeframe (P<.004). Incidence rate increased from 0.7 to 1.0 per 100,000 /year for carcinoid tumors across all ethnic groups and 0.1 to 0.2 per 100,000/year for GIST tumors (P<.04 for both). Incidence rates for adenocarcinoma increased from 1.1 to 1.3 per 100,000/year among African Americans only and incidence rates for lymphoma increased from 0.4 to 0.5 per 100,000/year among whites and 0.9 to 1.0 per 100,000 among Asians.

“We have increased incident across all ethnic groups in carcinoid tumors,” Lui said. “We see that African Americans have a much higher incident rate compared to other ethnic groups; adenocarcinoma only increased over time in African Americans.”

Overall, 5-year survival was low in patients across all ethnic groups with adenocarcinoma during both time periods, but was lower from 2001 to 2011 (22% vs. 20.5%, P<.001). High survival rates were observed in all patients with carcinoid tumors in both time periods, but was higher from 2001 to 2011 (44% vs. 50%, P<.001).  

“Compared to 1992 to 2000, there is improved survival in 2001 to 2011, except for adenocarcinoma, Lui said.

Analyses showed an increase in adenocarcinoma, GIST and lymphoma in African Americans after 2000, according to the abstract. While African Americans had a higher tumor burden and increased distant disease at diagnosis, Asian patients had the worst outcomes after diagnosis, demonstrating the highest mortality from adenocarcinoma across both decades.

For more information:

Lui FH. Abstract 56. Presented at: Annual ACG Scientific Meeting, Oct. 20-22, 2014; Philadelphia, PA.

Disclosure: Relevant financial disclosures were not provided by the researchers.