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New findings suggest that the trial population of IMPROVE-IT were younger, healthier and received more optimal secondary prevention therapies than current qualifying patients, challenging the use of ezetimibe/simvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndrome, according to a research letter published in JAMA Internal Medicine.
Maddox and colleagues used the American College of Cardiology practice innovation and clinical excellence (PINNACLE) ambulatory cardiology practice registry to identify current patients with ACE who would have qualified for IMPROVE-IT. They compared data from these patients with patients who participated in the trial.
The researchers identified 28,454 recent patients with ACS at 182 practices recorded within the PINNACLE registry between January 2013 and September 2014. Among those, 35.9% (n = 10,228) met the criteria for IMPROVE-IT enrollment, with practices showing modest variation (median, 34.5%; IQR, 25.6-42.9). Demographic, medical comorbidities and medication comparisons indicated that PINNACLE patients were significantly older and more likely to be female than IMPROVE-IT patients. In addition, PINNACLE patients had distinctly higher rates of peripheral arterial disease, heart failure and hypertension and lower rates of secondary prevention medication use.
These findings suggest that “it is unclear if the effect seen with simvastatin/ezetimibe use in the trial translates to current patients with ACS,” Maddox and colleagues concluded.
“One factor reducing the applicability of IMPROVE-IT to practice is its use of a moderate-intensity statin, which deviates from the current guideline recommendation to use high-intensity statins in all eligible patients with ACS,” they added. “In fact, as adherence to current guidelines increases, fewer and fewer patients will meet IMPROVE-IT criteria in clinical practice. In addition, trial patients were younger and considerably healthier than corresponding PINNACLE patients. In the world of clinical practice, clinicians must increasingly balance advanced age, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy with their treatment decisions. For trials to best inform clinical care, recruiting populations that more closely reflect these realities will be crucial.” – by Alaina Tedesco
Disclosure: The researchers report receiving support from the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry.
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