Phenotype-tailored lifestyle approach leads to greater weight loss vs. standard approaches
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SAN DIEGO — A multidisciplinary phenotype-tailored lifestyle intervention resulted in greater weight loss among adults with obesity compared with standard weight-loss interventions, according to a study presented at ObesityWeek.
Lizeth Cifuentes, MD, former research fellow in the department of gastroenterology and hepatology at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and first-year postgraduate at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and colleagues conducted a 12-week clinical trial of 165 adults with a BMI more than 30 kg/m2. Researchers measured satiation by calories to fullness, postprandial satiety by gastric emptying, emotional eating behavior through questionnaires and resting energy expenditure at both baseline and after the 12-week intervention period.
All participants received standard lifestyle intervention (n = 84; mean age, 42.9 years; 79% women) or phenotype-tailored lifestyle intervention (n = 81; mean age, 44.7 years; 83% women) based on their study enrollment date. The standard lifestyle intervention included a low-calorie diet of 500 kcal per day deficit from resting energy expenditure, moderate physical activity and weekly wellness coaching. The phenotype-tailored lifestyle intervention was targeted to obesity phenotypes: those with abnormal satiation were assigned a time-restricted volumetric low-calorie diet, those with abnormal postprandial satiety were assigned a low-calorie diet with pre-meal protein supplementation, those with emotional eating were assigned a low-calorie diet and intensive behavioral therapy, and those with low resting energy expenditure were assigned a low-calorie diet, post-workout protein supplementation and high-intensity interval training.
The primary outcome was total percentage of baseline body weight loss at 12 weeks.
Researchers observed a total weight loss of more than 5% among 62% of participants in the phenotype-tailored lifestyle intervention compared with 31% of participants in the standard lifestyle intervention at 12 weeks (P < .001). Participants in the phenotype-tailored lifestyle intervention also experienced significantly improved calories to fullness for those with abnormal satiation, improved gastric emptying for those with abnormal postprandial satiety, lessened anxiety levels fo emotional eating and an increase in body lean mass in low resting energy expenditure at 12 weeks compared with baseline.
According to Cifuentes, moving forward, long-term trials of larger cohorts are needed to continue examining this phenotype-tailored lifestyle intervention for weight loss.
“This opens a new era of precision medicine, which focuses on the individual characteristics of patients and will lead to further studies that target this individually,” Cifuentes told Healio.
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Cifuentes L, et al. Oral-091. Presented at: ObesityWeek; Nov. 1-4, 2022; San Diego.
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