Weight loss of 10% significantly affects insulin resistance, cardiometabolic biomarkers
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Among adults with overweight or obesity, weight loss of 10%, with or without physical activity, improved biomarkers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic health, according to results of a secondary analysis of the Heart Health Study.
“Few clinical trials have explored the impact of weight loss via lifestyle intervention on these emerging biomarkers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic health,” Katherine A. Collins, PhD, postdoctoral associate at the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and the department of medicine at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, and colleagues wrote. “Conventionally, weight loss of 5% to 10% achieved via lifestyle intervention is shown to be effective for improving traditional cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk factors, including blood pressure, decreased LDL cholesterol, increased HDL cholesterol, decreased triglycerides and improved glucose tolerance.”
This secondary analysis of the Heart Health Study randomized trial, published in Obesity, included 374 adults with overweight or obesity (mean age, 45.5 years; 78.9% women). All participants were randomly assigned to diet alone (n = 124), diet plus 150 minutes per week of prescribed moderate-intensity physical activity (n = 127) or diet plus 250 minutes per week of prescribed moderate-intensity physical activity (n = 123). Researchers assessed biomarker concentrations following 12 months of participation in these three behavioral weight-loss interventions.
At 12 months, participants in the diet only, diet plus 150 minutes of physical activity and diet plus 250 minutes of physical activity groups experienced significant weight loss of 10.5 kg, 10.6 kg and 9.5 kg, respectively, from baseline. Researchers observed improved body weight, Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index score, Diabetes Risk Index score, branched-chain amino acid concentration and GlycA concentration among all three groups (P < .0001 for all).
There was no group effect or group by time interaction observed during the study period.
“We found that all intervention groups prompted a notable beneficial change among biomarkers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic health. However, the addition of moderate-intensity physical activity in a dose-response approach to a diet-only intervention did not provide any additional benefit among these biomarkers,” the researchers wrote. “These findings highlight the impact that a weight loss of at least 10%, achieved at 6 months through dietary modification and maintained at 12 months, can have on markers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic health, regardless of physical activity participation.”
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