Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may benefit patients without diabetes after TKA
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Key takeaways:
- Patients who received glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists had fewer 90-day complications vs. patients who did not receive the medication.
- There was no difference in 2-year revision rates between groups.
DALLAS — Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may reduce complications after total knee arthroplasty in patients with obesity but who are not diabetic, according to presented results.
“Patients on [glucagon-like peptide-1] GLP-1 receptor agonists undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty in this cohort had lower odds of 90-day medical complications,” Joshua S. Bingham, MD, orthopedic surgeon at the Mayo Clinic Arizona, said in his presentation at the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Annual Meeting. “We also found that the GLP-1 agonists were associated with lower odds of 2-year revision for fracture and aseptic loosening.”
In a propensity-matched cohort study, Bingham and colleagues analyzed more than 63,000 patients without diabetes but with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 who underwent TKA and were taking GLP-1 medications for at least 1 year prior to surgery and 2 years after surgery. Researchers then propensity matched the cohort on a 1:1 basis to patients with obesity and without diabetes who did not receive GLP-1s.
Outcomes measured included 90-day medical and surgical complications and 2-year revision rates.
Bingham and colleagues found lower rates of deep vein thrombosis, pharmacomechanical endovascular intervention, sepsis, periprosthetic joint infection and pneumonia in the cohort of patients who received GLP-1s.
In addition, Bingham said the GLP-1 group had a lower risk for periprosthetic fracture and aseptic loosening. However, he said there was not a significant difference in the overall 2-year revision rates between the two groups.
Bingham added the GLP-1 group was associated with increased risk for aspiration pneumonitis.
“Future studies are necessary to determine the long-term effects of these medications on total knee arthroplasty patients,” Bingham said. “In the future, it will also be important to look at the effect these medications have on bone metabolism, as we know it does affect vitamin D pathways.”
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Bingham JS, et al. Paper 14. Presented at: American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Annual Meeting; Nov. 7-10, 2024; Dallas.
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