Behavioral sleep intervention may improve sleep duration, regularity in type 1 diabetes
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A technology-assisted behavioral sleep intervention was feasible and acceptable and may be effective for improving sleep duration or regularity for adults with type 1 diabetes, according to data from a pilot study.
“Despite findings that insufficient sleep and irregular sleep are common in type 1 diabetes, evidence is limited for approaches to improve them,” Pamela Martyn-Nemeth, PhD, RN, FAHA, FAAN, associate professor in the department of biobehavioral nursing science at the College of Nursing at the University of Illinois, Chicago, and colleagues wrote. “A small number of studies have been conducted in children, primarily focusing on sleep extension or sleep hygiene.”
This pilot study, published in The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care, included 14 adults with type 1 diabetes (mean age, 29.7 years; 64% women) from the Midwest. Participants were randomly assigned to the behavioral sleep intervention Sleep-Opt-In (n = 9) or to the Healthy Living attention control group (n = 5). Sleep-Opt-In consisted of an 8-week, remotely delivered intervention with digital lessons, a sleep tracker and weekly coaching phone calls delivered by a trained sleep coach. Participants in the control group received weekly health education emails that took 8 to 10 minutes to read and participants would click a link to document the date and time of lesson completion. All participants completed assessments of sleep, glucose and participant-reported outcomes at baseline and following the conclusion of the intervention.
Overall, one participant in the Sleep-Opt-In group withdrew from the study, and there was a completion rate of 90% for the intervention and 100% for the control group. Participants in the Sleep-Opt-In group rated the program positively, with an average score of 6.2 out of 7 points for usability and 6.1 for evaluation of the content and structure.
Participants who received the Sleep-Opt-In intervention with objectively confirmed short or irregular sleep patterns experienced improvement in sleep regularity by 25 minutes, reduced glycemic variability by 3.2% and improved time in range by 6.9% compared with those in the control group. Only participants who received the Sleep-Opt-In intervention experienced improved participant-reported outcomes for daytime sleepiness (P = .167), fatigue (P = .024), diabetes distress (P = .554) and depressive mood (P = .041) compared with participants in the control group, according to researchers.
“Sleep-Opt-In was feasible, acceptable and promising for further evaluation as a means to improve sleep duration or regularity, glucose parameters and important participant-reported outcomes of diabetes distress, daytime sleepiness, fatigue and depressive mood in the type 1 diabetes population,” the researchers wrote.
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