PCOS may lead to early development of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia
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ANAHEIM, Calif. — Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and may develop hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia earlier than those without PCOS, according to a speaker.
“PCOS patients are at increased risk of metabolic conditions, even patients who were in the non-obese range,” Ange Wang, MD, clinical fellow in reproductive endocrinology and infertility at the UCSF for Reproductive Health, told Healio. “Health care providers taking care of PCOS patients should be aware of this increased risk in terms of screening and counseling on diet, exercise and other lifestyle factors.”
Researchers conducted an observational study of 1,112 women in the U.S. who took part in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Participants were enrolled in 1985 and 1986 at age 18 to 32 years and were followed for 30 years. Women were considered to have PCOS if they met the criteria as defined by the NIH at year 2 and had symptoms of oligomenorrhea and hirsutism at year 16. CV events were collected each year. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes were reported at years 5, 7, 10, 16, 20, 25 and 30.
The findings were presented at the ASRM Scientific Congress & Expo.
Of the study cohort, 81 participants had PCOS and 1,031 did not have PCOS. During follow-up, CV events occurred for 3.7% of women with PCOS and 6.4% of those without PCOS, hypertension was observed in 43.2% of women with PCOS and 41.2% of those without PCOS, hyperlipidemia was reported in 43.2% of women with PCOS and 34.7% without PCOS, and type 2 diabetes was diagnosed for 33.3% of women with PCOS and 22.1% of women without PCOS.
After adjusting for multiple confounders, women with PCOS were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those without PCOS (OR = 2.07; 95% CI, 1.23-3.46; P = .006). No associations were found with CV events, hypertension or hyperlipidemia.
Researchers compared the time to development of CV events, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes between the PCOS and non-PCOS groups. Women with PCOS had a shorter time to diabetes diagnosis (HR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.16-2.59; P = .007), hypertension (HR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.17-2.35; P = .004) and hyperlipidemia (HR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.03-2.08; P = .03) than women without PCOS. No difference in time to CV events was observed between the groups.
“Further research in larger sample sizes with longer follow-up times should assess the association of PCOS with other metabolic conditions,” Wang said. “Our research also suggests that in addition to diabetes and metabolic syndrome, hypertension and hyperlipidemia may also have a faster time to development with PCOS, though additional research with larger event sizes is warranted.”
In addition, Wang said future research should analyze where specific features of PCOS are more strongly associated with specific metabolic conditions.
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Wang A, et al. OST-03. Presented at: ASRM Scientific Congress & Expo; Oct. 22-26, 2022; Anaheim, California.
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