Following Southern dietary pattern correlates with increased risk of CKD progression
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Following a Southern dietary pattern correlates with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease progression in Black patients, according to data published in Kidney Medicine.
Further, associations may differ by genetic background, but more research needs to be done to confirm this.
“Approximately 13% of African Americans carry the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) high-risk genotypes... Only a minority of adults with the APOL1 high-risk genotypes will develop CKD, which indicates that a second factor is needed for phenotypic expression of APOL1 high-risk variants,” Titilayo O. Ilori, MD, MS, from the division of nephrology and department of medicine at Boston Medical Center at Boston University School of Medicine, and colleagues wrote. They added, “To our knowledge, no previous study has examined whether the association of dietary patterns with CKD outcomes differs by presence of APOL1 high-risk genotypes.”
In a prospective cohort study, researchers examined 5,640 Black participants to determine if correlations of dietary patterns and kidney outcomes varied by APOL1 genotypes. A total of 4,188 patients developed incident CKD 5,640 experienced CKD progression and 5,640 experienced kidney failure. Data were derived from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort.
With five dietary patterns (convenience foods, Southern, sweets and fats, plant-based and alcohol/salads) serving as the exposures, researchers considered incident CKD, CKD progression and kidney failure as outcomes of the study.
Researchers tested for statistical interaction between dietary patterns and APOL1 genotypes for CKD outcomes and conducted stratified analyses by APOL1 genotypes.
Of the study participants, 12.1% had high-risk APOL1 genotypes. Analyses revealed the highest vs. lowest quartiles of Southern dietary pattern correlated with a higher adjusted odds of CKD progression but not incident CKD or kidney failure. Researchers did not observe any other association between diet and CKD, nor with APOL1 genotype.
Stratified analysis showed no consistent correlation across genotypes, but quartiles 3,4 and 1 of plant and Southern patterns related with a lower odds of CKD progression among APOL1 high- but not low-risk genotypes.
“More studies are needed to determine if the associations of dietary patterns with CKD outcomes differ by presence of APOL1 high-risk genotypes,” Ilori and colleagues wrote. “Such information could help identify dietary patterns that can modulate CKD risk, especially in adults with high-risk APOL1 genotypes. Future studies of dietary patterns for CKD risk should also consider use of 24-hour recalls, duplicate dietary approach, food consumption records and dietary history records or other informative assessments of dietary intake.”
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