Daily fruit, vegetable intake may reduce mortality in patients with CKD in Japan
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Daily fruit and vegetable consumption may reduce all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, including those on hemodialysis, in Japan, according to data published in the Journal of Renal Nutrition.
“Emerging evidence suggests that higher vegetable and fruit intake may be associated with lower mortality among adults with CKD, including those who are non-dialysis-dependent and those who are on [hemodialysis],” Minako Wakasugi, MD, MPH, PhD, from the department of inter-organ communication research at Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences in Japan, and colleagues wrote. They added, “These studies, however, were conducted in non-Asian countries. Amounts of vegetable and fruit intake vary markedly across countries, and diets consumed by Asian populations are estimated to be higher in vegetable and fruit content relative to diets consumed by other populations.”
In a Japanese hospital-based prospective study, researchers examined 2,006 patients who visited the outpatient department of a general hospital between June 2008 and December 2016. A total of 902 patients had CKD and 131 had CKD and were on hemodialysis.
Patients with and those without CKD completed a questionnaire reporting the frequency of vegetable and fruit intake on a “never or rarely,” “sometimes” and “every day” scale.
With diet serving as the exposure, researchers considered all-cause mortality the primary outcome of the study. Moreover, researchers sought to determine if the presence of CKD affected the correlation.
Adjusting for potential confounders, researchers conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses to measure the association between vegetable and fruit intake frequency with mortality.
A total of 561 patients died during a median follow-up of 5.7 years, and analyses revealed that vegetable and fruit consumption declined with worsening CKD stages. Researchers noticed similar baseline serum potassium levels stratified by CKD stage across all three vegetable and fruit intake frequency groups.
“This study provides evidence that a lower frequency of vegetable and fruit intake is significantly associated with a higher risk of death regardless of CKD status,” Wakasugi and colleagues wrote. “Our findings suggest that daily intake of both vegetables and fruits may reduce all-cause mortality in CKD patients including those on [hemodialysis], as has been observed for non-CKD individuals.”
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