10-year study finds nearly half of S. pneumoniae in US adults drug resistant
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Nearly half of all Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected from U.S. adults as part of a large study were resistant to at least one drug, researchers found.
“Annually, pneumococcal infections pose a significant burden on the U.S. health care system and we know that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can lead to infections that are harder to treat,” Vikas Gupta, PharmD, BCPS, director of Medication Management Solutions Medical Affairs at BD Insights Life Sciences, told Healio. “We conducted this study to understand the current AMR trends in both invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal disease to help guide clinical management of infections and inform strategies designed to reduce resistance in the future.”
Gupta and colleagues evaluated 30-day nonduplicate Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from adults aged 18 years and older at 290 U.S. hospitals between January 2011 and February 2020. According to the study, evaluated isolates were required to have at least one AMR result for invasive or noninvasive pneumococcal disease samples.
During the study period, 34,039 S. pneumoniae isolates were analyzed 20,749 of which were from noninvasive sources and 13,290 from invasive sources. The study revealed that 46.6% of the isolates were resistant to at least one drug.
The data showed that S. pneumoniae isolates from either source group had high rates of resistance to macrolides (37.7%), penicillin (22.1%) and tetracyclines (16.1%), multivariate modeling identified a significant increasing trend in resistance to macrolides (+1.8year; P < .001). Researchers added that significant decreasing trends were seen for penicillin (1.6year; P < .001) and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (0.35year; P < .001).
“AMR for S. pneumoniae is still concerning among adults and should continue to be studied and evaluated over time,” Gupta said. “Efforts should be taken to evaluate AMR in noninvasive pneumococcal disease given the higher rates of resistance when compared to invasive pneumococcal disease.”
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