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Fitness, weight improvements lead to changes in adiponectin levels
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Changes in adiponectin levels in adults with overweight or obesity and diabetes were associated with improvements in fitness and weight with intensive lifestyle intervention, according to recent study findings published in Diabetes Care.
However, the researchers said future studies are needed to determine whether the observations are linked to sex-specific biological determinants.
L. Maria Belalcazar, MD, of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, and colleagues evaluated 1,397 participants with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study to determine whether fitness changes from intensive lifestyle interventions contribute to the improvement of low adiponectin levels. Researchers measured total and high-molecular weight adiponectin, weight and cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline and 1 year.
Participants were randomly assigned to diabetes support and education (DSE; men, n = 284; women, n = 381) or intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI; men, n = 315; women, n = 417). Three group health information sessions were provided to the DSE group throughout the year, whereas the ILI group attended three group sessions and one individual monthly visit during the first 6 months, followed by two group sessions and one individual session after the first 6 months.
At 1 year, the ILI group revealed significant improvements in weight and fitness. Compared with the DSE group, the ILI group had significantly increased adiponectins in both men and women. Men had greater relative and absolute changes for adiponectins compared with women.
Compared with the DSE group, significant reductions in weight and waist circumference and improved fitness were seen in the ILI group for both men and women; these responses were slightly greater in men.
Increase in total adiponectin and its high-molecular weight fractions in men and women were associated with weight loss and improved fitness (all P < .001). An additional 4% to 5% variance of change in adiponectins were associated with weight loss in men, whereas improved fitness (1% greater) and weight loss were similar among women.
“In summary, our study contributes to the understanding of the role of two major modifiable effectors of adiponectin - weight loss and increased cardiorespiratory fitness - in overweight/obese men and women with type 2 diabetes,” the researchers wrote. “Our findings highlight the independent contribution of moderate increases in fitness to the improvement in adiponectin and [high-molecular weight]-adiponectic levels achieved with ILI, particularly in women. Future studies are needed to examine if the associations of weight and fitness changes with adiponectin improvement in obese men and women with diabetes observed in this study are in part the result of sex-specific biological determinants and whether they may be explained by changes in insulin sensitivity.” - by Amber Cox
Disclosure: The researchers report no relevant financial disclosures.
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