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Excessive sodium intake linked with fracture risk in postmenopausal women

Issue: July 2013

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SAN FRANCISCO — High sodium intake is associated with an increased risk for non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women, independent of age, BMI, bone mineral density, muscle strength and balance ability, according to data presented here.

Kiyoko Nawata, PhD, of The University of Shimane in Matsue, Japan, and colleagues from Shimane University Faculty of Medicine in Izumo, Japan, assessed the relationship between sodium intake and bone fragility to determine whether BMD, bone metabolic markers, intake of other nutrients and motor function play a role.

They measured calcium, P, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH)D, N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) in 213 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 63 years. Using DXA, Nawata and colleagues measured BMD at the lumbar spine (L2-4) and femoral neck (FN) as well as morphological vertebral fractures. Physician interviews determined whether participants had existing non-vertebral fractures. Participants provided information on nutrient intake, including proteins, calcium, magnesium, P, sodium, vitamin D and vitamin K, using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Motor function was determined by standing on one foot with eyes closed; and a grip strength test was performed.

Measurements were as follows:

• Mean BMI: 22.9
• Sodium intake: 5,211 mg
• Intact PTH: 46 pg/mL
• 25(OH)D: 16.3 ng/mL
• PINP: 54.3 ng/mL
• CTX: 0.40 ng/mL
• L2-4 BMD: 0.84 g/cm²
• FN BMD: 0.62 g/cm²

According to data, there was no correlation between sodium intake and BMD, bone metabolic markers, muscle strength or balance ability. The highest sodium intake group (mean value: 7,561 mg) was associated with a significant risk for non-vertebral fracture (OR=4.1; P<.01) after adjusting for age, BMI, intact PTH, 25(OH)D, CTX, BMD, nutrient intake and both motor function tests. – by Stacey L. Adams

For more information:

Nawata K. #SAT-261. Presented at: The Endocrine Society Annual Meeting and Expo; June 15-18, 2013; San Francisco.