Late bedtime, insufficient sleep associated with poor cardiometabolic health
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Key takeaways:
- Many participants reported insufficient (24.1%) or excessive (20.7%) sleep duration.
- The effects of late sleep onset and insufficient or excessive sleep were strongest among adults aged 40 to 59 years.
Late bedtime and too little or too much sleep were associated with higher odds for hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome, according to a study published in Journal of the American Heart Association.
“A large body of evidence has now linked altered sleep pattern with poor cardiometabolic health,” Peipei Hu, MD, from the department of pediatrics at Xinhua Hospital at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research in Shanghai, and colleagues wrote. “The present study aimed to investigate the independent and joint associations of sleep onset time and sleep duration with cardiometabolic health outcomes.”
The study included data from 6,696 adults (49.2% men) aged 20 to 80 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study from 2015 to 2018.
The researchers categorized participants by sleep onset and sleep duration. They considered sleep onset early before 10 p.m., optimal from 10 p.m. to 11:59 p.m. and late at midnight or later. Further, they deemed less than 7 hours of sleep as insufficient, 7 to 8 hours as sufficient and 9 or more hours as excessive.
Researchers tracked cardiometabolic outcomes including BP, triglyceride levels, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose and waist circumference.
One-quarter (24.1%) of participants reported insufficient sleep duration and 20.7% reported excessive sleep duration. Additionally, 19.8% reported an early sleep-onset time and 25.7% reported a late sleep-onset time.
Early and late bedtimes and too little or too much sleep were associated with higher odds for hypertension, triglyceridemic and metabolic syndrome. The effects appeared most pronounced among participants aged 40 to 59 years.
Men aged 40 to 59 years with optimal sleep onset but excessive duration had higher odds for developing metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.58), as did men reporting late sleep onset and insufficient duration (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.13-2.68), compared with men with optimal sleep onset and sufficient duration.
Women aged 40 to 59 years experienced higher risk for hypertension with optimal sleep onset and insufficient duration (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.11-2.32) or early onset and excessive duration (OR = 2.16; 95% CI, 1.3-3.57) than women with optimal sleep onset and sufficient duration. Women aged 40 to 59 years reporting late sleep onset and excessive sleep duration had the highest odds for developing hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 5.64; 95% CI, 1.28-6.77).
“Our study provides evidence that late sleep-onset time, as well as insufficient or excessive sleep duration, were associated with an increased odds of cardiometabolic health outcomes, particularly in participants aged 40 to 59 years,” the researchers wrote. “Moreover, late onset combined with excessive duration had the highest prevalence of outcomes. Our findings encourage the adoption of healthy sleep habits to prevent the development of cardiometabolic health outcomes.”
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