Regular consumption of two to three cups of coffee per day could lower CVD risk
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WASHINGTON — Regular consumption of coffee, especially two to three cups per day, may be protective against incident CVD, arrhythmias and mortality, irrespective of CVD status.
“Coffee is not just caffeine. [It is] composed of up to 100 biologically active components with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiarrhythmic properties,” Peter Kistler, MBBS, PhD, head of clinical electrophysiology research at the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute and head of electrophysiology at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, told Healio. “Another potential mechanism includes the beneficial effects of coffee on metabolic syndrome. Caffeine has a role in weight loss through an increase in basal metabolic rate. Furthermore, coffee has been associated with a significantly lower incidence of type 2 diabetes.”
To better understand the effects of habitual coffee drinking and incidence of arrhythmias, CVD and mortality, researchers utilized the U.K. Biobank to evaluate outcomes among 382,535 participants with and without CVD at baseline over more than 10 years of follow-up (median age, 57 years; 52% women).
“Only smaller studies and meta-analyses [existed] before this very large study,” Kistler said. “People love coffee and physicians frequently tell patients to stop coffee with heart disease without scientific support.”
Individuals were categorized based on self-reported daily cups of coffee: zero; less than one; one; two to three; four to five; or more than five cups.
The results were presented at the American College of Cardiology Scientific Session.
Kistler and colleagues observed a U-shaped relationship between number of daily cups of coffee and most CV event types. Individuals who consumed two to three cups per day experienced the lowest risk for the CVD composite outcome, which was defined as CVD, congestive cardiac failure and CHD (HR = 0.91, 95% CI, 0.88-0.94; P < .01), CHD (HR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93; P < .01), congestive cardiac failure (HR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81-0.9; P < .01) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.9; P < .01).
Risk for stroke was lowest among those who drank less than one cup per day (HR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.96; P < .01), while risk for CV mortality was lowest in those who drank one cup per day (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.95; P < .01), according to the researchers.
A similar U-shaped curve, with the lowest risk observed among individuals who drank two to three cups per day, was observed for the association between coffee intake and risk for any arrhythmia (HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95; P < .01), including AF/flutter, supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (P for all < .05).
Moreover, researchers observed a consistent reduction in all-cause mortality in individuals who drank up to five cups of coffee per day (P for all < .01).
“Regular coffee intake, particularly at two to three cups per day, was associated with significant reductions in incident arrhythmia, CHD, congestive cardiac failure, stroke and mortality, and improved survival in those with prevalent CVD,” Kistler told Healio. “Daily coffee intake should not be discouraged but rather considered part of a healthy diet.”
Reference:
- Good News for Coffee Lovers: Daily Coffee May Benefit the Heart. www.acc.org/About-ACC/Press-Releases/2022/03/23/17/55/Good-News-for-Coffee-Lovers-Daily-Coffee-May-Benefit-the-Heart. Published March 24, 2022. Accessed March 30, 2022.
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Kistler P, et al. Abstract 1186-021. Presented at: American College of Cardiology Scientific Session; April 2-4, 2022; Washington, D.C. (hybrid meeting).
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