Relationship between DASH diet and HF varies by socioeconomic status
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Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern was not associated with reduced risk for incident HF in participants with lower income, but it was in those with higher income, researchers reported.
The researchers analyzed 25,300 Black and white adults (median age, 54 years; 68% Black; 63% women; 88% with annual household income under $25,000) who were enrolled in the Southern Community Cohort Study from 2002 to 2009 and had no history of HF at baseline.
The researchers determined alignment with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet from food frequency questionnaires and incident HF from CMS claims through 2016.
Socioeconomic factors such as income and education were more closely aligned with the DASH dietary pattern than CV comorbidities, Rachel S. Chang, BA, medical student at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and colleagues wrote.
In the overall cohort, DASH dietary alignment was not associated with incident HF risk (HR = 1; 95% CI, 0.96-1.04), the researchers wrote, noting there was also no association in analyses stratified by race and sex.
There was no association between DASH dietary alignment and incident HF in participants with household income less than $25,000 per year, but there was a trend toward greater DASH dietary alignment reducing risk for incident HF in participants with household income $25,000 per year or more (P for interaction = .03), Chang and colleagues found.
“The income-based variation in the association between DASH score and HF risk was present despite relatively small differences in DASH score,” Chang and colleagues wrote. “We found that the beneficial association between greater alignment with DASH dietary pattern and lower risk of incident HF is attenuated in lower compared with higher income participants. This does not mean that lower-income individuals should not consume a healthy diet. Rather, our findings indicate that the underlying reasons for this attenuation of the effect of a healthier diet warrant further investigation.”
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