Higher coffee consumption could confer reduced HF risk
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Increased coffee consumption was associated with reduced risk for HF in three different cohorts, according to results published in Circulation: Heart Failure.
“Little is known about the risk of developing HF associated with dietary components and the potential benefits of changing intake of specific foods,” David P. Kao, MD, assistant professor in the division of cardiology and bioinformatics and personalized medicine in the department of medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical School, Aurora, and colleagues wrote. “Understanding and validation of the association of these factors in CVD has the potential to improve understanding of cardiovascular risk and aid in patient adherence to lifestyle and behavioral therapies.”
Researchers analyzed the diets of 2,732 participants (mean age, 66 years; 59% women) from the Framingham Heart Study, 3,704 participants (mean age, 71 years; 49% women) from the Cardiovascular Heart Study and 14,925 participants (mean age, 54 years; 55% women) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study to assess possible lifestyle and behavioral factors associated with CHD, HF and stroke.
The primary outcomes were time to incidence of CHD, HF and stroke.
Consumption of red meat, whole milk, eggs, alcohol, cheese, and regular and decaffeinated coffee were identified as potential dietary risk factors for CV outcomes in the three studies through machine learning-based random forest feature selection using data from the Framingham Heart Study. Other lifestyle factors such as marital status were also identified as risk factors.
Following the Cox proportional hazards analysis, researchers observed coffee consumption as the only risk factor remaining associated with reduced risk for HF (HR per cup per day = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99; P = .02) and stroke (HR per cup per day = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99; P = .02). Coffee consumption was not associated with risk for CHD (P = .21) or CVD (P = .59).
Increased coffee consumption was associated with reduced risk for HF after adjustment for Framingham Risk Score in the Cardiovascular Heart Study (HR per cup per day = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.96; P = .005) and the ARIC study (HR per cup per day = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; P = .048).
According to press release from the American Heart Association, current federal dietary guidelines suggest that three to five 8 oz cups of black coffee per day can be considered healthy in a diet. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children avoid consuming beverages with caffeine altogether.
“The high prevalence of coffee consumption in society suggests further study is warranted to better define the role, possible causality and potential mechanism of coffee and caffeine consumption as potential modifiable risk factors for HF,” the researchers wrote.
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