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Increases in medical, recreational marijuana use raise allergy concerns

As marijuana becomes increasingly common and legally accessible in some states, clinicians have an increased concern regarding the potential allergens associated with the use and handling of Cannabis sativa.

“Although still relatively uncommon, allergic disease associated with C. sativa exposure and use has been reported with increased frequency,” Thad L. Ocampo, MD, of the Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center in San Antonio, and his study partner wrote. “Allergic reactions and even anaphylaxis attributed to C. sativa have been noted with sensitization associated with pollinosis, Cannabis use, potential plant cross-reactivity, and occupational exposure.”

The researchers analyzed various medical research documenting cases of allergic reactions to marijuana.

Inhaling Cannabis pollen has been linked with causing symptoms such as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and asthma. Exposure to the smoke also has resulted in nasal congestion, rhinitis, sneezing, coughing, wheezing and dyspnea.

The occupational hazards growers would face in handling marijuana plants are an additional cause for concern, the researchers said. Various studies show contact with the plant may cause urticaria, periorbital angioedema and generalized pruritus.

“As with other allergens, avoidance is recommended,” they wrote. However, in the event of a reaction, “symptomatic treatment with antihistamines, intranasal steroids, and nasal decongestants can be used to treat symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

“Much research is still needed to more definitively define pertinent allergens, develop a standardized extract, establish diagnostic sensitivity, and clarify treatment options for clinically affected Cannabis-allergic patients.” –by Ryan McDonald

Disclosure: Ocampo reports no relevant financial disclosures. Please see the full study for a list of all other authors’ relevant financial disclosures.