Estrogen

Longer endogenous estrogen exposure and use of hormone therapy are associated with higher cognitive status in late life, especially among older women when compared with younger women, according to findings published in Menopause.

Women who had premature and early menopause had an increased risk for a nonfatal CVD event before age 60 years compared with those who had menopause from age 50 to 51 years, according to a pooled analysis published in The Lancet Public Health.

Laser therapy is as effective and safe as vaginal estrogen for improving sexual and urinary functionality during menopause, according to findings from a randomized controlled trial.

Hormone therapy may slow the development of diabetes among postmenopausal women due to its effects on certain metabolites, according to findings presented at the North American Menopause Society annual meeting.

Women who initiated systemic hormone therapy around the time of menopause were at greater risk for invasive breast cancer than similar never-users, according to an analysis of nearly 60 epidemiologic studies published in The Lancet.

A 49-year-old Hispanic man was referred to me by his primary care physician for evaluation of gynecomastia. He had first noticed symmetrically increased breast size at the age of 15 and felt depressed and socially stigmatized because of it. He had also noticed increased growth two years ago, but none lately. The patient stated that he had good libido and no erectile dysfunction. He denied galactorrhea or bloody discharge from his nipples. He also denied breast pain or lumps.