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Preterm birth may increase risk for mental health disorders through adulthood

Individuals born at extremely low birth weight had higher risk for mental health problems in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, compared with peers born at normal birth weight.

“Our findings provide evidence that individuals born at extremely low birth weight are at higher overall risk for psychological difficulties than their normal birth weight peers. These difficulties most frequently involve attention, anxiety-related and social problems,” Karen Mathewson, PhD, of McMaster University, said in a press release.

To compare risk for mental health problems between individuals born at extremely low birth weight and those with normal birth weight in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 studies. The study cohort included 2,712 individuals with extremely low birth weight and 11,127 with normal birth weight.

Children born at extremely low birth weight had significantly greater risk for inattention and hyperactivity, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, according to reports from parents and teachers.

Risk for conduct and oppositional disorders, autism symptoms, and social difficulties was greater among children born at extremely low birth weight.

Parent-reported inattention and hyperactivity, internalizing, and social problems was more common among adolescents born at extremely low birth weight.

Conversely, adolescents with extremely low birth weight reported lower inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional behavior levels, compared with peers born at normal birth weight.

Depression, anxiety, and social difficulties were more common in adulthood for those born at extremely low birth weight.

Group differences were significant to region of birth, era of birth and presence of neurosensory impairments.

“It is important that families and health care providers be aware of the potential for early-emerging mental health problems in extremely low birth weight survivors, and that some of these individuals may not grow out of these problems as they get older,” Mathewson said in the release. “As a result, it is essential that appropriate treatment be made available to those who require it as early in life as possible.” – by Amanda Oldt

Disclosure: Please see the study for a full list of relevant financial disclosures.