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Coadministration of oral polio vaccine reduces rotavirus vaccine efficacy
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Concomitant administration of oral poliovirus vaccine, in any formulation, and rotavirus vaccine significantly reduced protection against rotavirus among infants in Bangladesh, according to recent study data.
“Coadministration of [monovalent oral poliovirus type 1 vaccine (mOPV1)], [bivalent oral poliovirus 1+3 vaccine (bOPV)] or [trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV)] appears to lower [rotavirus vaccine (RV1)] immunogenicity similarly,” Devy M. Emperador, MPH, of the division of viral diseases at the CDC, and colleagues wrote. “The fact that interference seemed greatest when both vaccines were given concomitantly suggests an inhibitory effect of OPV on RV1 in early stages of virus replication, although the mechanism of interference still needs to be elucidated.”
To study the impact of OPV on concomitant RV1, the researchers analyzed a cohort of 528 healthy neonates from two hospitals in Bangladesh in 2012. Rotavirus vaccine was administered to the cohort at approximately weeks 6 and 10. The researchers randomly assigned participants to one of three groups: one that received three doses of mOPV1 at weeks 6, 8 and 10; another that received bOPV at weeks 6, 10 and 14; and a group that received tOPV at weeks 6, 10 and 14.
Concomitant OPV and RV1 were given to 174 neonates, while 235 others received them on a staggered schedule. All groups that received the vaccines concomitantly, with OPV of any formulation, were less likely to seroconvert (47%; 95% CI, 39%-54%) than infants who received staggered vaccinations at least 1 day apart (63%; 95% CI, 57%-70%; P ≥.001).
The researchers said their findings should not diminish the effort to eradicate poliovirus via OPV or the effort to reduce the burden of rotavirus in regions with high susceptibility.
“Inactivated polio vaccine and new parenteral rotavirus vaccines could also improve the efficacy of the current rotavirus vaccines worldwide,” Emperador and colleagues wrote. – by David Costill
Disclosure: The researchers report no relevant financial disclosures.
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