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IPV improved intestinal immunity among children given OPV
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An additional dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine increased intestinal immunity among children who previously received oral poliovirus vaccine and should be considered in immunization activities to prevent outbreaks, according to study findings in The Lancet.
Jacob John, MD, of Christian Medical College in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, and colleagues randomly assigned 450 children aged 1 to 4 years to a dose of IPV or no vaccine at enrollment. Study participants had previously received at least five doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), with the last dose administered at least 6 months before enrollment. All children received a dose of bivalent OPV (Panacea Biotec) 28 days after enrollment. Children who received no vaccine at baseline were given a second dose of bivalent OPV 56 days after enrollment. Study participants were from Chinnallapuram, Vellore, India.
The number of children shedding poliovirus 7 days after treatment was significantly less among those who received IPV for serotypes 1 and 3. The quantity of poliovirus shed at 7 days was lower among children who received IPV than those who received no vaccine for serotype 1, but there was no significant difference for serotype 3.
Among children who received no vaccine, the proportion of poliovirus shedding after the second dose of bivalent OPV was not significantly reduced compared with shedding after the first dose for both serotypes 1 and 3. The quantity of poliovirus shed was significantly reduced for serotype 1, but not for serotype 3.
Shedding of serotypes 1 or 3 after 7 days of treatment was significantly correlated among both groups of children.
Researchers observed no significant differences in shedding between children who received no vaccine and shed vaccine poliovirus 7 days after the first dose of bivalent OPV and those who did not shed after the first dose.
Geometric mean titers for poliovirus-specific neutralizing antibodies significantly increased for both vaccines and all serotypes 28 days after vaccination. Geometric mean titers post-vaccination were significantly greater after IPV than bivalent OPV.
“The substantial benefit of using IPV rather than further doses of OPV to boost intestinal immunity in children within the typical age range for mass vaccination supports its use as part of the global eradication program,” study researcher Nicholas C. Grassly, a professor of infectious diseases at Imperial College in London, said in a press release.
Disclosure: The researchers report no relevant financial disclosures.
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