Loss of lean soft tissue may correlate with BMD changes for some adults with CKD
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Key takeaways:
- Adults with kidney disease not on dialysis had reductions in renal function and lean body mass during the study.
- Lean soft tissue may protect against bone mineral density loss, the researchers wrote.
Changes in body composition may correlate with bone mineral density fluctuations in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, according to a cohort study.
“As the deterioration of bone health is often observed in CKD, [bone mineral density] BMD status should be monitored,” Julia Montenegro, MSc, a research assistant in the division of human nutrition at the University of Alberta in Canada, wrote with colleagues. “... Most studies have focused on biochemical parameters as determinants of bone status in CKD. ... However, determinants of bone loss are still undetermined, and few studies have analyzed the influence of body composition parameters in bone loss.”
Researchers assessed the body composition and biochemical profiles of 46 adults with non-dialysis-dependent CKD. The retrospective hospital-based study aimed to highlight changes in BMD and its determinants in these patients during 2.8 years.
Researchers assessed BMD, lean soft tissue, appendicular lean soft tissue and percentage fat mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
According to the researchers, participants had reductions in renal function and changes in body composition, including reductions in lean soft tissue and appendicular lean soft tissue. Meanwhile, researchers noted increases in percentage fat mass and ratio of fat mass to lean soft tissue mass (load-capacity index).
Women had reductions in BMD, appendicular lean soft tissue and appendicular lean soft tissue index, according to researchers. In addition, patients with low baseline BMD had less lean soft tissue, appendicular lean soft tissue and percentage fat mass vs. those with normal BMD.
Lean soft tissue, appendicular lean soft tissue and appendicular lean soft tissue index at baseline was a factor in BMD status at follow-up, independent of fat mass and load-capacity index, suggesting a protective effect of lean soft tissue against BMD loss in non-dialysis-dependent-CKD, according to Montenegro and colleagues.
“Our findings may contribute to the treatment approach to prevent CKD-[mineral and bone disorder] MBD and [non-dialysis-dependent] NDD-CKD in clinical practice,” the researchers wrote. “Even if patients are not malnourished, it is fundamental to monitor changes in lean and muscle tissues in this population, which can be used as a strategy to prevent bone loss. As such, strategies to maintain muscle mass in this population should be developed, which could be useful to prevent bone loss and its complications.”
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