Smoking soon after waking may be linked to high CKD risk
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Key takeaways:
- Shorter time from waking to the first cigarette was linked to higher chronic kidney disease risk.
- Smoking within 30 to 60 minutes vs. more than 120 minutes after waking nearly doubled the CKD risk.
Findings from an observational cohort study suggest a link between how soon someone begins to smoke after waking up each day and risk for chronic kidney disease.
“Smoking is an established behavioral risk factor for [chronic kidney disease] CKD,” Rui Tang, a teaching assistant at the Tulane University department of epidemiology in New Orleans, and colleagues wrote. “The time from waking to first cigarette of the day has been viewed as an indicative behavior of nicotine addiction.”
Researchers evaluated data from 32,776 patients without prevalent CKD in the U.K. Biobank to explore the relationship between smoking time and CKD and potential interactions with other risk factors, such as quality of diet.
During a median 12-year follow-up, researchers found 940 cases incident of CKD. Shorter times from waking to the first cigarette were associated with higher CKD risk. Compared with a waking-to-smoking time of more than 120 minutes, adjusted hazard ratios for CKD were 1.28 (95% CI, 0.92-1.80) for 61 to 120 minutes, 1.48 (95% CI, 1.11-1.96) for 30 to 60 minutes, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.01-1.88) for 5 to 15 minutes and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.22-2.37) for less than 5 minutes, respectively, according to researchers.
Overall, “smoking very soon after waking, especially when combined with a poorer quality diet, was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing [CKD],” they wrote. “This research emphasizes the value of healthier lifestyle choices for kidney health.”
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