Persistent microscopic hematuria correlates with increased risk of CKD in men, women
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Men and women with persistent microscopic hematuria are at an increased risk for the development of chronic kidney disease, according to data published in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases.
Further, investigators found the correlation between hematuria and CKD is stronger for men.
“Hematuria, which refers to the presence of blood in the urine, is has been reported to associate with increased risk of CKD. However, the relationship between hematuria that persists over time and kidney function is not clear,” Yoo Jin Um, MD, from Total Healthcare Center at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues wrote. “In this large study consisting of relatively young and healthy Korean adults, we investigated the association between episodes of microscopic hematuria and the development of CKD.”
In a retrospective cohort study, researchers examined data for 232,220 Korean adults without CKD at baseline to explore the relationship between persistent or single episodes of microscopic hematuria (defined by at least five red blood cells per high-power field) and the development of CKD. Researchers took the investigation one step further to see if there was a different result between men and women. Study participants received regular health examinations at Kangbuk Samsung Health Study.
Following the measurements of hematuria at two consecutive examinations 1.7 years apart, researchers categorized patients into the following four groups: no hematuria at both examinations (reference group); hematuria followed by no hematuria (regressed hematuria group); no hematuria followed by hematuria (developed hematuria group); and hematuria at both examinations (persistent hematuria).
Researchers conducted a 4.8-year median follow-up, during which 2,392 participants developed CKD. Analyses revealed the HRs for incident CKD, comparing the “regressed,” “developed” and “persistent” hematuria groups to the “no hematuria” group, were 1.85, 3.18 and 5.23, respectively. Although a significant correlation between persistent hematuria and incident CKD was identified in both men and women, the association was stronger in men for reasons researchers could not identify.
“Our results showed that persistent or single episodes of microscopic hematuria were associated with CKD risk in men and women. Further studies are necessary to test whether hematuria, especially persistent hematuria, can help identify both men and women at high risk of CKD and whether appropriate management of hematuria can help decrease subsequent CKD risk and progression to renal failure.”
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