Coffee consumption may be ‘potentially harmful’ to patients with incident CKD
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A recent study identified 20 metabolites that correlated with self-reported coffee consumption, three of which were also associated with incident chronic kidney disease.
The research, published in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, suggests these metabolites could represent pathophysiologic processes relevant to preventing kidney disease through diet modification.
“Moderate coffee consumption (3-5 8-oz. cups/day) has been associated with lower risk of incident kidney disease. However, given the complex chemical composition of coffee, the biological mechanisms linking coffee to kidney disease are unclear,” William J. He, from Johns Hopkins University, and colleagues wrote. “We aimed to use metabolomics to find metabolites which may reflect coffee consumption and to explore the prospective association between these coffee-associated metabolites and incident CKD.”
“There is a need to develop diet biomarkers as well as to understand how diet influences disease risk,” Casey M. Rebholz, PhD, MS, MNSP, MPH, FAHA, an associate professor in the department of epidemiology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School, told Healio. “Our goal was to identify and replicate objective biomarkers of coffee intake in order to improve upon established methods that rely upon self-report for assessing food and beverage consumption. We aimed to provide insights on mechanisms underlying the relationship between coffee consumption and risk of kidney disease.”
In a meta-analysis of two independent study populations, He and colleagues investigated coffee-associated metabolites. Researchers distinguished coffee-associated metabolites among 372 serum metabolites available in two sub-samples of the ARIC study (n=3,811; mean age, 54; 56% were daily coffee drinkers; 32% drank >2 cups per day).
Results from the two ARIC sub-samples were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis, then correlations between coffee and metabolites were repeated in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) (n=1,043; mean age, 48; 57% were daily coffee drinkers; 38% drank >2 cups per day).
After determining which metabolites were significantly associated with coffee in both cohorts, researchers assessed them for their prospective correlations with incident CKD in ARIC using Cox proportional hazards regression.
The two sub-samples of ARIC revealed 41 metabolites were associated with coffee consumption, and among those 41, only 20 replicated in BHS. Of the 20 coffee-associated metabolites in BHS, only three correlated with incident CKD in ARIC.
“One metabolite (glycochenodeoxycholate), a lipid involved in primary bile acid metabolism, may contribute to the favorable kidney health outcomes associated with coffee consumption,” He and colleagues wrote. ‘Two metabolites (O-methylcatechol sulfate and 3-methyl catechol sulfate), both of which are xenobiotics involved in benzoate metabolism, may represent potential harmful aspects of coffee on kidney health.”
“It is widely accepted that coffee can be consumed regularly as part of an overall healthy lifestyle,” Rebholz told Healio. “Our findings highlight that there are potentially harmful aspects of coffee consumption.”
An editorial from the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology noted that “it would have been interesting to see whether the results of He were attenuated when adjusting for self-reported coffee or other diet sources of polyphenols.”
The editorial recommended that future studies should consider adjusting for more covariates and avoiding potential reporting bias by avoiding self-reported questionnaires.
Reference:
- Coffee Metabolites and Kidney Disease Answers or More Questions? https://www.newswise.com/articles/blood-metabolites-associated-with-coffee-consumption-may-affect-kidney-disease-risk?sc=cwhr&xy=10007438. Published Nov. 4, 2021. Accessed Nov. 4, 2021.
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He WJ, et al. CJASN. 2021;doi:10.2215/CJN.12420921.
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