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HPV 16 associated with increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Guo F. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-1206.

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Patients with HPV in the esophagus, particularly oncogenic types of HPV, were at increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, according to results from a case-control study in China.

Researchers collected non-necrotic tumor specimens and serum from 300 consecutive, newly diagnosed patients treated with esophagectomy at Anyang Cancer Hospital from December 2007 to September 2008. Age- and sex-matched controls were randomly selected from participants in a cohort study carried out among a representative sample of Anyang residents (n=900).

Incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was more than four times greater in patients who had HPV in the esophagus compared with controls (31% vs. 6.8%) and nearly six times greater for patients with HPV 16 E7 antibody in the serum (17% vs. 3.1%).
Researchers identified seven HPV types in patients: 3, 16, 18, 27, 57, 58 and 94. Patients with oncogenic HPV types (16, 18 or 58) were more likely to develop esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in both the case group (24% vs. 3%) and the control group (9% vs. 3.9%).

Researchers observed strong associations between detection of any HPV DNA (OR=6.4; 95% CI, 4.4-9.2), detection of HPV 16 E7 antibody in serum (OR=6.1; 95% CI, 3.7-10) and a family history of esophageal cancer (OR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.8-3.6) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. They did not find similar associations between alcohol (OR=0.9; 95% CI, 0.6-1.4) or tobacco use (OR=1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-1.7).

Researchers found that there was a particularly strong association between HPV 16 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR=12.8; 95% CI, 7.6-21.7).

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