FDA risk communication system yielded inconsistent results

Dusetzina SB. Med Care. 2011;00: 000–000

When the FDA disseminates risk communications about drugs or drug utilization, the results may vary greatly, according to recent findings.

Researchers from several sites in the United States reviewed literature pertaining to the FDA’s drug-risk communication system. Forty-nine of 1,432 records screened were eligible for analysis. Eligible studies were those published from January 1990 to November 2010 that empirically evaluated the effect of an FDA risk communication and contained terms associated with drug utilization, the FDA and advisories or warnings. Other data extracted included the drug or drugs analyzed, relevant communications from the FDA, the source of the data, the method of analysis and the outcome measures assessed.

G. Caleb Alexander, MD, associate professor of medicine at the University of Chicago, told HemOnc Today that there were four types of risk communications evaluated: “warnings about serious adverse events, recommendations against use in specific patient populations, cautions regarding drug-drug interactions and calls for increased laboratory or clinical monitoring.”

Alexander said the most effective communications were the ones that were “simple, specific, provided alternative therapies or drugs, and were reinforced over time.” He cited an FDA alert linked to the diabetes drug rosiglitazone that demonstrated many of these characteristics.

G. Caleb Alexander

Other risk communications were not so effective, according to Alexander. “Drivers of drug use exist within a sea of information,” he said. “Predicting whether a risk communication will be effective is difficult, as our results indicate.”

The findings covered 16 medicines or therapeutic classes. Communications for antidepressants comprised one-third of the studies. There was variety in the data sources and statistical analysis methods used, but most of the studies used medical or pharmacy claims. Patient–provider communication, decision-making or risk perceptions were evaluated in fewer studies. “The data sources we were using were so varied that it was difficult to perform quantitative analyses,” Alexander said.

FDA advisories recommending increased clinical or laboratory monitoring were linked to decreased drug use, according to the results. However, these advisories were linked to moderate, transient increases in monitoring.

Communications aimed at specific subpopulations often demonstrated effect on other subpopulations. The largest decreases in drug utilization were observed with drug-specific warnings, but it was also observed that the magnitude of substitution within therapeutic classes demonstrated variation across clinical contexts.

Alexander said an effective risk communication need not necessarily lead to decreased use of the drug in question.

“The ultimate goal is to cause more informed decision-making,” he said. “An advisory or communication may be effective, even though no changes in use of the drug occur.”

The researchers concluded that the effect of risk communication is “varied and unpredictable.” They said the use of risk communication to ensure safe use of medications is complex and requires consistent evaluation.

“Identifying factors that are associated with rapid and sustained responses to risk communications will be important for informing future risk communication efforts,” they wrote.

The recently published paper by Dusetzina et al. illustrates many of the historical and current challenges faced when communicating new and emerging drug risks to the public. The FDA is aware of these challenges and we remain committed to improving our capacity to provide the public with timely, accurate, evidenced-based safety information. We acknowledge it is difficult to change medical practice patterns once they are established. Additionally, practice patterns may not change substantially because in many cases we are communicating about risks that may not apply to all patients and different prescribers and patients vary in their approaches to considering risk and applying those considerations to their benefit/risk analysis. The FDA strives to develop drug safety communications that inform and, when appropriate, change behavior. We also rely on our external partners and stakeholders to help us convey important drug safety information, given the shifting media landscape and the alternative means by which individuals receive and consume information

Gregory D. Busse, PhD
Team Lead, Drug Safety Communications
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Disclosure: Dr. Busse reports no relevant financial disclosures.

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