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Researchers of a recent study have found that one-half of high-risk patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement for the treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis died by 3.5 years of follow-up, and more than one-half died of non-cardiac comorbidities.
Researchers from three provinces in Canada evaluated long-term outcomes after TAVR with a balloon-expandable valve (Cribier-Edwards, Sapien or Sapien XT; Edwards Lifesciences). The multicenter study included 339 patients who were nonoperable or considered at very high surgical risk (mean age, 81 ± 8 years; Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, 9.8 ± 6.4%).
In all, 188 patients (55.5%) died at a mean follow-up of 42 ± 15 months. Predictors of late mortality included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR=2.18; 95% CI, 1.53-3.11), chronic kidney disease (HR=1.08 for each decrease of 10 mL/min in estimated glomerular filtration rate; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19), chronic atrial fibrillation (HR=1.44; 95% CI, 1.02-2.03) and frailty (HR=1.52; 95% CI, 1.07-2.17).
Researchers noted a mild, nonclinically significant decrease in valve area at 2 years of follow-up, but no further valve area reduction occurred by 4 years. There were no changes in residual aortic regurgitation and no cases of structural valve failure.
More careful evaluation and follow-up of patients with comorbidities might translate into better mid- to long-term outcomes, researchers wrote.
“Also, cardiac mortality was mostly related to the presence of pulmonary hypertension [PH] and chronic kidney disease at the time of the TAVR procedure,” they said. “The presence of these entities, especially of PH, might reflect an overly advanced CVD condition, and the potential role of staged procedures (balloon aortic valvuloplasty before TAVR) in these patients might merit further evaluation.”
Disclosure: Rodés-Cabau is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences and St. Jude Medical. The study was supported in part by a grant from Edwards Lifesciences.
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