Urethritis

UTIs account for 1.1 million pediatric office visits annually and are a significant clinical syndrome in childhood. UTI is typically caused by a bacterial pathogen. The infection involves the lower urinary tract (ie, urethritis, cystitis) or the upper urinary tract (ie, pyelonephritis). Prompt treatment of pyelonephritis is important to prevent renal scarring and associated sequela such as hypertension and end-stage renal disease.

The most recent MMWR included a report about a novel, emerging strain of beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria meningitidis in the United States that is resistant to both penicillin and ciprofloxacin.