Pericarditis

A pericardial knock can be present in patients with constrictive pericarditis as the early filling of the left ventricle is limited from the constrictive process.

The Means-Lerman scratch is a mid-systolic murmur heard in the setting of a hyperthyroid state at the left upper sternal border and end-expiration.

Dressler’s syndrome (a.k.a. post-myocardial infarction syndrome) is an autoimmune phenomenon that can occur after myocardial infarction and manifests 2-3 weeks later as pericarditis and a pericardial effusion.

Friedreich’s sign occurs in the setting of constrictive pericarditis as is described as the rapid drop in central venous pressure that occurs in early diastole manifested as the rapid Y descent in the jugular venous pressure.

Pericarditis, or inflammation of the pericardium, has typical ECG findings. These findings occur in progressive stages, all of which are seen in about 50% of cases of pericarditis.

The three irregularly irregular rhythms are atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter with variable conduction and multifocal atrial tachycardia (similar to wandering atrial pacemaker).

Pericarditis, or inflammation of the pericardium, has typical ECG findings. These findings occur in progressive stages, all of which are seen in about 50% of cases of pericarditis.