Angina

Variant angina — also known as Prinzmetal’s angina or angina inversa — occurs with coronary artery vasospasm resulting in myocardial ischemia.

The Law of LaPlace describes the factors that determine left ventricular wall stress, which is a major determinant of myocardial oxygen demand.

Prinzmetal’s angina — also known as variant angina or angina inversa — occurs with coronary artery vasospasm resulting in myocardial ischemia.

The Duke Treadmill Score (DTS) is a point system to predict 5-year mortality based on treadmill ECG stress testing in patients without known coronary artery disease. The Duke Treadmill Score is calculated as below:

Nitroglycerin forms the free radical nitric oxide which has many beneficial properties in the presence of myocardial ischemia and is used in the treatment of angina.

Myocardial bridging occurs when a coronary artery takes a deep course within the myocardium of the left ventricle itself.

Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) affects the coronary arteries, which deliver blood to the myocardium.

Initial medical management of STEMI consists of relief of ischemic pain with nitrates and morphine, antithrombotic measures including antiplatelet agents (aspirin, thienopyridines and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors), and systemic anticoagulation (heparin or bivalirudin) and beta-adrenergic blockade.

The classic triad of symptoms of aortic stenosis occur on exertion and include dyspnea, syncope, and angina.