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Acute ametropia linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or attention deficit disorder presented with significant ametropia but infrequent convergence insufficiency or heterotropia, according to a study.
The study included 51 children with a mean age of 9.9 years; 32 study participants were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 19 were diagnosed with attention deficit disorder. All participants underwent ophthalmic examination including Snellen uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, stereopsis, convergence and cycloplegic refraction.
Study results showed that 10 patients (20%) had amblyopia in one or both eyes. Five patients (10%) had heterotropia and three (6%) had absent stereoacuity. Two patients (4%) had subnormal convergence amplitude.
Mean spherical equivalent was 0.17 D, and 22 patients (43%) had myopia of 0.5 D or greater. Ten patients had hyperopia exceeding 3.5 D, and 10 patients had 1 D or more of astigmatism. With-the-rule astigmatism was the most common type in the 29 eyes with astigmatic refractive error.
Severe ametropia was identified in 42 patients (82%).
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