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New study suggests 59% of Americans will develop kidney disease in their lifetime
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Nearly six out of 10 Americans will develop kidney disease in their lifetime, according to a new analysis published in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases. In comparison, lifetime risk of diabetes, heart attack and invasive cancer is approximately four in 10.
As a result of this and previous studies, the National Kidney Foundation is calling on health care professionals to screen patients in specific high-risk groups for kidney disease – those age 60 or older and those with high blood pressure or diabetes – by adding a simple urine albumin test for kidney damage to annual physical examinations.
“These new data show clearly that Americans are more likely than not to develop kidney disease, which – in its later stages – is physically devastating and financially overwhelming,” said Dr. Beth Piraino, president of the National Kidney Foundation. “Importantly, if caught early, the progression of kidney disease can be slowed with lifestyle changes and medications. This underscores the importance of annual screenings, especially within the at-risk population, to potentially prevent kidney disease and ensure every patient with kidney disease receives optimal care.”
The study, by a team from Johns Hopkins University, combined nationally representative prevalence data on 37,475 individual with kidney disease associated mortality risk data from more than 2 million individuals to create a model detailing lifetime risk. The lifetime risk of moderate kidney disease was 59.1%, which translates into 135.8 million people currently alive who will eventually develop moderate kidney disease. For moderate-severe kidney disease, the risk was 33.6 %, and for severe (stage 4) kidney disease, the lifetime risk was 11.5%. Finally, end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation, has a lifetime risk of 3.6 % which is dramatically higher among African-Americans at 8%.
African Americans had a greater risk of developing more advanced disease and developing kidney disease earlier. In contrast, the overall risk was highest in women due to their higher life expectancy and the dramatic rise of kidney disease risk with older age. The authors also noted that kidney disease risk appears to be increasing over the past decades, suggesting their results based on the average risk may be conservative. The rise in obesity and diabetes over the past decades may further increase the lifetime risk of kidney disease.
“With more than half of all Americans at risk, it’s time for all Americans to understand how kidney disease is detected, and for those at elevated risk because of older age, diabetes, hypertension or other risk factors to know whether they have kidney disease or not,” said Dr. Josef Coresh, professor of epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, who led the Hopkins team that performed the analysis. “Chronic kidney disease is significantly under-diagnosed, and the consequences of this lack of information can be dire.”
Dr. Morgan Grams, a nephrologist and lead author of the paper pointed out that while severe kidney disease and uncontrolled complications require referral to a nephrologist, the majority of patients with moderately reduced kidney function can be managed well by their regular physician.