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Chikungunya: 5 things you should know
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The chikungunya virus became known worldwide following an epidemic that originated in Kenya during 2004. More recently, the Caribbean and Central and South America saw a staggering number of cases during the 2014 outbreak.
Infectious Disease News presents five “fast facts” about the virus:
1. There are two types of mosquitoes that can transmit chikungunya.
Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes not only transmit chikungunya, but also dengue and yellow fever. In the United States, the A. aegypti mosquito is primarily found along the Gulf Coast and in areas of California, whereas the A. albopictus mosquito is primarily found in eastern states, as far north as New England. This species is more common than A. aegypti in the United States.
2. One-quarter of the cases reported in the United States have occurred in Florida.
Experts suggest Florida is a gateway to the Caribbean for many travelers. In addition, many habitants of the Caribbean have family that reside in Florida. The state has a “Drain and Cover” initiative that advocates the removal of standing water outdoors where possible, covering skin with long-sleeved shirts and pants and use of repellent.
3. The incubation period for chikungunya may last as long as 12 days.
Although the incubation period is normally 3 to 7 days, in some cases it can last as long as 12 days. Travelers often return home without even knowing they are infected.
4. Chikungunya is not easy to diagnose.
Without laboratory testing, chikungunya is difficult to diagnose as the symptoms resemble dengue and other viruses. Laboratory testing is an issue in the Caribbean and most blood work must be sent to a reference laboratory for confirmation.
5. Initial symptoms are the same for dengue and chikungunya.
Both chikungunya and dengue originate from the same mosquitoes and symptoms are similar in the beginning. However, the outcomes are entirely different as dengue more often leads to death. It is therefore recommended that any person returning home from traveling who presents with chikungunya-like illness should be tested for both viruses.