Global increase in type 2 diabetes rates for adolescents, young adults in past 3 decades
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Type 2 diabetes rates and associated number of years lost due to poor health, disability or early death increased substantially among adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2019, particularly in low- and low-middle income countries.
“Studies have reported on the global burden and trend in diabetes from 1990 to 2017, and on mortality from diabetes and trends before the age of 25 years, 1990-2019,” Jinchi Xie, MD, from the department of epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, China, and the department of epidemiology and biostatistics at the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, and colleagues wrote. “No study has specifically described the global burden of disease and secular trend of early-onset type 2 diabetes, however, and the variations between the sexes and in countries with different levels of socioeconomic development.”
Researchers conducted a systematic analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study on people aged 15 to 39 years from 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019. The primary outcomes were the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate and age-standardized mortality rate for type 2 diabetes among adolescents and young adults. In addition, researchers also evaluated the proportional DALY attributable to different risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
In the past 3 decades, researchers observed significant global increases in the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized DALY rate for type 2 diabetes among this age group (P < .001). Researchers observed an increase in the age-standardized incidence rate for type 2 diabetes (117.22 vs. 183.36 per 100,000 population) and the age-standardized DALY rate (106.34 vs. 149.61 per 100,000 population) from 1990 to 2019. In addition, the age-standardized mortality rate also increased “modestly” from 1990 to 2019 (0.74 vs. 0.77 per 100,000 population).
Researchers observed the highest age-standardized incidence rate and highest age-standardized DALY rate for type 2 diabetes among countries with low-middle and middle sociodemographic indexes. However, the lowest age-standardized incidence rate and highest age-standardized mortality rate for type 2 diabetes were among countries with low sociodemographic index.
Regarding differences between sexes, women younger than 30 years had higher mortality and DALY rates compared with their male counterparts. However, among women and men older than 30 years, these differences were reversed except in countries with a low sociodemographic index.
In all regions, high BMI was the main attributable risk factor for DALY for early-onset type 2 diabetes in this population. Other risk factors’ contributions to early-onset type 2 diabetes varied across regions, with higher proportions of ambient particulate air pollution and smoking in countries with high sociodemographic index and higher proportions of household air pollution from solid fuels and low-fruit diets in countries with a low sociodemographic index.
“These findings provide a basis for understanding the epidemic nature of early-onset type 2 diabetes and call for urgent actions to deal with the issue from a global perspective,” the researchers wrote.
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