What is atopic dermatitis?

Atopic dermatitis, also called eczema, is a skin condition that mostly occurs in children but can continue into adulthood. It is characterized by itchy, dry, scaly patches on the skin.

For children, atopic dermatitis normally develops before the age of 5, particularly during the first year of life. Signs and symptoms include the development of a red to brownish-gray rash on areas like the hands and feet, elbows, knees, scalp, forehead and face; small, raised bumps that leak fluid or crust over; and thickened, cracked skin.

When the condition persists into adulthood, the symptoms may appear differently, with red, scaly, itchy rashes covering most of the body that can lead to skin infections. Other symptoms can include skin that is bumpy, darkened or leathery in appearance.

A dermatologist will diagnose atopic dermatitis by inspecting the skin and asking questions such as whether there is a family history of the condition. Another diagnostic tool is a patch test to detect allergies that may cause atopic dermatitis.

There is no cure for atopic dermatitis; rather, treatment is focused on managing symptoms until the condition fades. With some patients, atopic dermatitis may subside over time, whereas for others, it is a chronic condition. A dermatologist may recommend antibiotics, oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids to reduce itching. Wrapping the skin, applying moisturizer and bathing in lukewarm water can also help reduce dry skin.

Reference:

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eczema/basics/definition/con-20032073.

http://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/diseases-and-treatments/a---d/atopic-dermatitis.

http://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?f=rss&id=47762&osrc=12.

http://nationaleczema.org/.