Lp(a), ApoB concentrations vary across Hispanic/Latino populations
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In a cohort of more than 16,000 Hispanic/Latino Americans, there was heterogeneity in lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B levels according to background, researchers reported at the National Lipid Association Scientific Sessions.
Levels of Lp(a) and ApoB were lower in younger individuals, and women had higher Lp(a) but lower ApoB than men, Parag H. Joshi, MD, MHS, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, said in a late-breaking trial presentation.
Joshi and colleagues analyzed 16,117 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos who were aged 18 to 74 years at enrollment in 2008-2011.
“There were sufficient subgroup sample sizes to support comparisons by Hispanic/Latino background,” Joshi said during the presentation, noting that the study included people from Mexican, Central American, South American, Cuban, Puerto Rican and Dominican backgrounds. “We believe this is the first contemporary demonstration of Lp(a) and ApoB levels across the diverse U.S. Hispanic community.”
He said, “The Pooled Cohort Equation did not include Hispanic individuals in its derivation, therefore there is room for other tools to guide risk estimation in this population.”
Mean ApoB levels and median Lp(a) levels varied by age (P for both < .001), with ApoB ranging from 93.9 mg/dL in those aged 18 to 44 years to 111 mg/dL in those aged 55 to 64 years, and Lp(a) ranging from 17.1 nmol/L in those aged 18 to 44 years to 27.8 nmol/L in those aged 65 years or older, Joshi said.
Compared with men, women had lower ApoB levels (97.4 mg/dL vs. 102.4 mg/dL; P < .001) but higher Lp(a) levels (22.1 nmol/L vs. 17.8 nmol/L; P < .001), he said.
When the cohort was stratified by background group, ApoB ranged from 95.1 mg/dL in the Dominican group to 104.8 mg/dL in the Cuban group (P < .001), while Lp(a) ranged from 12.4 nmol/L in the Mexican group to 41 nmol/L in the Dominican group (P < .001), according to the researchers.
Those with West African or European ancestry were overrepresented in the highest quartile of Lp(a), while those with Amerindian ancestry were underrepresented (P < .001 for all), Joshi said, noting there were not similar trends with ApoB.
Participants with 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk of at least 7.5% had higher ApoB levels (P = .001) and were more likely to have ApoB of at least 130 mg/dL (P < .001) compared with those who did not, but there were not similar trends with Lp(a), Joshi said.
However, he said, those who had high-enough levels of Lp(a) or ApoB to quality as a risk-enhancing factor were more likely to have 10-year ASCVD risk of at least 7.5% than those who did not (P < .001).
“Nearly one-third of the target population with at least intermediate ASCVD risk have an abnormal ApoB or Lp(a) level to support more aggressive preventive treatment,” Joshi said during the presentation.
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Joshi PH, et al. Late-Breaking Trials. Presented at: National Lipid Association Scientific Sessions; June 2-5, 2022; Scottsdale, Arizona (hybrid meeting).
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