Best of Lipid Forum®: Examining the Role of Lp(a) as a Risk Factor in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
This activity is supported by an educational grant from Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.
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Overview
Provider Statement
This continuing education activity is provided by 
Educational Partner 
Support Statement
This activity is supported by an educational grant from Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.
Activity Description
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a low-density lipoprotein particle that is associated with poor cardiovascular prognosis due to its pro-atherogenic, pro-thrombotic, pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative properties. Unfortunately, traditional lipid-lowering therapy does not provide sufficient Lp(a) reduction. High levels of Lp(a) are an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) through mechanisms associated with increased atherogenesis, inflammation, and thrombosis. Despite its demonstrated contribution to ASCVD burden, there is a lack of standardization and harmonization of assays, no universal guidelines for diagnosing and providing risk assessment, and few targeted treatments to lower Lp(a). In this CE program, expert faculty review the pathophysiology and accurate measurement of Lp(a), implications of increased Lp(a) levels on cardiovascular risk, as well as current and emerging therapeutic approaches to manage patients with elevated Lp(a). This activity incorporates didactic presentations covering the pathophysiology of Lp(a); investigates guidelines, screening, and patient identification; explores the measurement of Lp(a); and finally discusses both current and emerging therapies for Lp(a) reduction.
Target Audience
The intended audience for this activity is cardiologists, endocrinologists, lipidologists, internists, family medicine physicians, pharmacists, physician associates, nurse practitioners, and other healthcare professionals involved in the management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this activity, participants should be better able to:
- Describe the structure and pathophysiology of Lp(a).
- Review the role of Lp(a) as a risk factor in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
- Outline the challenges and modalities involved in the measurement of Lp(a).
- Assess the significance of Lp(a) as a tool for cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Examine evidence-based strategies to identify patients who are at risk for cardiovascular events and may benefit from reduction of Lp(a).
- Outline the current approaches to treat patients with elevated Lp(a).
- Summarize the emerging therapies for the management of patients with elevated Lp(a).
Activity Chair
Alan S. Brown, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASPC, MNLA
Past President, National Lipid Association
Director, Division of Cardiology
Advocate Heart Institute at Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge, IL
Clinical Associate Professor, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine
Chicago, IL
Faculty
Marlys Koschinsky, PhD, FAHA, FNLA, FACC, FACHS
Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
Scientist, Robarts Research Institute
Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario Canada
Patrick M. Moriarty, MD, FACP, FACC, FNLA, FESC
Professor of Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology
Director of Atherosclerosis and Lipid-apheresis Center
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, KS
Jessica M. Peña, MD, MPH, FNLA, FACC
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Associate Professor of Medicine in Clinical Radiology
Weill Cornell Medical College
New York, NY
James A. Underberg, MD, MS, FACP, FACPM, FASH, MNLA
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
NYU School of Medicine & NYU Center for CV Prevention
Director Bellevue Hospital Lipid Clinic
Past-President National Lipid Association
Past-President American Board of Clinical Lipidology
Diplomate American Board of Clinical Lipidology
New York, NY
Reviewers/Planners
Ronald A. Codario, MD, EMBA, FACP, FNLA, RPVI, CHCP
Linda A. Giarraputo, BS, PA-C
Jasmine Gonzalvo, PharmD
Ashley H. Meredith, PharmD, MPH, BCACP
Accreditation
In support of improving patient care, Vindico Medical Education is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.
Credit Designation
Vindico Medical Education designates this enduring material for a maximum of 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to 2.0 Medical Knowledge MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine’s (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. Participants will earn MOC points equivalent to the amount of CME credits claimed for the activity. It is the CME activity provider’s responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABIM MOC credit.
Participants who opt-in by providing their ABIM ID and DOB (MM/DD) will earn MOC points equivalent to the amount of CME credits claimed for the activity.
This activity is approved for 2.0 contact hour(s) of continuing education (which includes 1.0 hour(s) of pharmacology) by the American Association of Nurse Practitioners®. Activity ID# 23046045. This activity was planned in accordance with AANP Accreditation Standards and Policies.
This activity has been reviewed by the AAPA Review Panel and is compliant with AAPA CME Criteria. This activity is designated for 2 AAPA Category 1 CME credits. PAs should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation. Approval is valid from 4/30/2023 to 4/29/2024. AAPA reference number: CME-209225.
Purdue University College of Pharmacy is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education. This is a knowledge-based, continuing education activity of Purdue University, an equal access/equal opportunity institution. Universal Activity Number (UAN): 0018-9999-23-005-H01-P, 2.0 contact hours (0.20 CEUs). Release Date: 04/30/2023 Expiration Date: 04/29/2024
This enduring material is approved for 1 year from the date of original release, April 30, 2023, to April 29, 2024
How to Participate in This Activity and Obtain CE Credit
To participate in this activity, you must read the objective(s), answer the polling and pretest question(s), view the content, and complete the posttest and evaluation. Provide only one (1) correct answer for each question. A satisfactory score is defined as answering 6 out of 8 of the posttest questions correctly. If a satisfactory score on the posttest is achieved, Vindico Medical Education will issue an AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™ Certificate, AAPA Category 1 CME Certificate, or AANP Contact Hour Certificate.
Purdue University College of Pharmacy will provide pharmacist credit claim information directly to the ACPE through CPE Monitor within approximately 30-days of activity completion. No certificate will be issued to pharmacists. For proof of credit, you may access your statement or transcript in your NABP e-profile.
Disclosures
Vindico Medical Education and Purdue University College of Pharmacy adhere to the ACCME’s Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. Any individuals in a position to control the content of a continuing education activity, including faculty, planners, reviewers, or others, are required to disclose all relevant financial relationships with ineligible entities (commercial interests). All relevant conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to the commencement of the activity.
Relationship information is accurate at the time of content development.
Activity Chair and Faculty report the following relevant financial relationship(s)
Alan S. Brown, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASPC, MNLA
Consultant: Amgen, Esperion, Ionis, Novartis, Regeneron
Speaker Contracted by Ineligible Company: Amarin, Amgen, Esperion, Regeneron
Marlys Koschinsky, PhD, FAHA, FNLA, FACC, FACHS
Advisor: Novartis Canada
Consultant: Ayma Therapeutics
Independent Research Contractor: Abcentra
Patrick M. Moriarty, MD, FACP, FACC, FNLA, FESC
Advisor: Novartis
Consultant: Amgen, Esperion, HDL Therapeutics, Regeneron
Independent Research Contractor: Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Esperion, Ionis, Kowa, Novartis, Regeneron
Jessica M. Peña, MD, MPH, FNLA, FACC
No relevant financial relationships to disclose.
James A. Underberg, MD, MS, FACP, FACPM, FASH, MNLA
Advisor: Pfizer, Novartis
Consultant: Amgen
Speaker Contracted by Ineligible Company: Amarin, Ambry, Amgen, Amryt, Esperion, GBinsight, Novartis, Regeneron
Independent Research Contractor: Amryt
Planners/Reviewers reports the following relevant financial relationship(s)
Ronald A. Codario, MD, EMBA, FACP, FNLA, RPVI, CHCP
No relevant financial relationships to disclose.
Linda A. Giarraputo, BS, PA-C
No relevant financial relationships to disclose.
Jasmine Gonzalvo, PharmD
No relevant financial relationships to disclose.
Ashley H. Meredith, PharmD, MPH, BCACP
No relevant financial relationships to disclose.
Vindico Medical Education and Purdue University College of Pharmacy staff report the following relevant financial relationship(s)
No relevant financial relationships to disclose.
Signed disclosures are on file at Vindico Medical Education, Office of Medical Affairs and Compliance and Purdue University College of Pharmacy.
Unlabeled and Investigational Usage
The audience is advised that this continuing education activity may contain references to unlabeled uses of FDA-approved products or to products not approved by the FDA for use in the United States. The faculty members have been made aware of their obligation to disclose such usage. All activity participants will be informed if any speakers/authors intend to discuss either non–FDA-approved or investigational use of products/devices.
Copyright Statement
Created and published by Vindico Medical Education, 6900 Grove Road, Building 100, Thorofare, NJ 08086-9447. Telephone: 856-994-9400; Fax: 856-384-6680. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2023 Vindico Medical Education. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher.
The material presented at or in any Vindico Medical Education and Purdue University College of Pharmacy continuing education activity does not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Vindico Medical Education or Purdue University College of Pharmacy. Neither Vindico Medical Education, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, nor the faculty endorse or recommend any techniques, commercial products, or manufacturers. The faculty/authors may discuss the use of materials and/or products that have not yet been approved by the FDA. All readers and continuing education participants should verify all information before treating patients or utilizing any product.
CME/ABIM/AAPA/AANP Questions?
Contact CME@VindicoCME.com
CPE Questions?
Contact Pharmacy-CECR@Purdue.edu