Also known as hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), this disease results in abnormal hypertrophic changes most commonly in the interventricular septum with pathologic “myocardial disarray”. HOCM is familial in about 50% of cases and transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. HOCM can result in clinic heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias, mitral regurgitation and sudden cardiac death. 

The causes of heart failure in HOCM include:

1. Diastolic dysfunction
2. Mitral regurgitation
3. Arrhythmia
4. End-stage HOCM results in systolic dysfunction “burnt-out HOCM”